The Schlieffen Plan's strategy required that France be defeated swiftly – but this didn't happen. That failure led to sustained trench warfare on the Western Front. In those grim battles of attrition, such as the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Verdun, Allied forces ultimately outnumbered the Germans
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Here you go, hope this helps
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Social Darwinism, the theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin perceived in plants and animals in nature.
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I believe he means something like, you are born into certain positions. There is no need to argue or for people to vote for a leader.
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"No distinction is attached to birth among the Turks; the deference to be paid to a man is measured by the position he holds in the public service.", everyone is pretty much "equal" in a sense.
"There is no fighting for precedence", there is no fighting to be important
"In making his appointments the Sultan pays no regard to any pretensions on the score of wealth or rank, nor does he take into consideration recommendations or popularity, he considers each case on its own merits, and examines carefully into the character, ability, and disposition of the man whose promotion is in question", The Sultan (pretty much means king or ruler) does not base anyone by the cover of their book.
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Kamala Harris is the candidate for the vice presidency of the United States for the Democratic Party, sharing the formula with Joe Biden. In addition, she serves as a senator for the State of California, and previously was Attorney General of that state.
Ideologically, she considers herself a center-left Democrat, with an enormous sense of identification with the social, political and economic problems of the nation's minorities. In this sense, during her political career she has constantly worked to improve policy standards at the national level, with the aim of including racial and cultural minorities, and generating greater situations of equality for all Americans, both socially and economically.