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Strike441 [17]
3 years ago
5

Ketosis is a bodily state of elevated ketone bodies in the blood, formed by ketogenesis. Ketogenesis begins once the glycogen le

vels in the liver are depleted. Which of the following is the most likely source of ketone bodies formed after the depletion of liver glycogen stores?(A) blood glucose(B) brain tissue(C) muscle tissue(D) fatty acids
Biology
1 answer:
Degger [83]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

D. Fatty Acids

Explanation:

When fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to serve as a source of ATPs, ketone bodies are produced. During starvation or medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate supply to liver cells is depleted.

Once the stored glycogen has been depleted from the liver cells, the fatty acids are funneled into beta-oxidation to produce ATPs. The process also forms acetone,  acetoacetate, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, that is the ketone bodies. The more the fatty acid molecules enter the beta oxidation, the more ketone bodies are produced.

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Place all eight of these steps of the insulin signaling pathway in the correct order. The abbreviation PIP 2 is used for phospha
DedPeter [7]

Answer:

The correct insulin pathway is described as under:

2. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor

8. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase

3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins

6. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)

4. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3

7. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)

5. Glut4 receptors transported to the cell membrane

Explanation:

The insulin signaling pathway is described as under:

RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases) which is a receptor for insulin is an extracellular receptor but in contrast to other cell surface receptors it is catalytic in nature. In the absence of insulin (ligand), it is monomeric but as soon as it gets activated (activation occurs upon ligand binding), it undergo dimerization. It leads to auto-phosphorylation in it's tyrosine residue which subsequently leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of other receptors. Such hyper-phosphorylated receptor have high affinity with enzyme/molecule like IRS protein which have SH2 domain . IRS down stream activates phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). This enzyme converts component of animal cell membrane PIP2 into PIP3. PIP3 also remains membrane bound but it has the potential to phosphorylate another enzyme named as PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1). Further, PDK1 leads to the activation of Akt or PK-B. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase which ultimately leads to the recruitment of Glut4 receptors on cell membrane for uptake of more and more glucose into the cell.

Note: Apart from this Akt also phosphorylates another protein named as FOXO which ultimately causes cell growth, Akt can also phosphorylate BAD protein so as to restrict cell apoptosis or we can say it leads to cell survival, Akt also leads to translation in a cell with the help of mTOR raptor etc.  

5 0
3 years ago
How many rounds of replication does it take for an incorporation error to be established as a base pair change?
iris [78.8K]

Answer:

Just one round without DNA repair

Explanation:

When an error occurs before or during replication, in a normal system, there is always proofreading and correction. If the error is not corrected during replication, it can then be corrected by the DNA damage repair system. But if not also corrected, the error becomes fixed and subsequent replication will produce this error

6 0
3 years ago
Describe the levels of organization of life
konstantin123 [22]

Answer:

The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.Aug 14, 2020.

7 0
3 years ago
A tortoise can live for 54,750 days how many years can a tortoise live
kompoz [17]
54750/365 = 150
A tortoise can live 150 years.
8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
you tell a story to a second person who tells a third person, and so on. as the story is retold, changes increases. How isthis p
olga nikolaevna [1]
The story slowly changes by what people remember or how they interpret the story. DNA slowly changes overtime just like a story.
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3 years ago
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