The members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) entered into a defensive alliance, with the main agreement being that they would come to the aid of any member of NATO that was attacked by the Soviet Union or its allies.
NATO was formed in 1949. Its original members were <span>Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, the United Kingdom, the </span>United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland.
Today, NATO has 29 member nations. After the demise of the Soviet Union and its alliance organization, the Warsaw Pact, NATO's focus has shifted somewhat. But NATO remains a powerful organization in international politics.
B. feeling
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At the beginning of the spring of 1945 everything was now ready for a decisive action by the Allies that would put an end to the war. In January, the Allies had rejected the Ardennes offensive, the last major German attack on the Western front.
After the failure of this operation the German army was almost exhausted and the remaining German forces were unable to resist the Allied counteroffensive in Europe. Moreover, in February-March 1945 the advance in the Rhineland had allowed the Allies to seize the bridge of Ludendorff, in Remagen (which would have allowed the Anglo-American troops to easily cross the Rhine river) and to inflict enormous losses on the Wehrmacht (about 400,000 soldiers killed in combat and 280,000 taken prisoner).
On the eastern front the Red Army had conquered most of Poland and was pushing towards Hungary and Czechoslovakia stopping on the Oder-Neisse line. The advance of Soviet troops had engulfed many German combat units limiting the ability of Hitler and the German generals to provide reinforcements for defense on the Rhine.
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The treaty of Nanjing was signed in the 29th day of August, 1842 to end the first of the Opium War between China and Britain.
The significance of this treaty is that the Chinese handed over the territory of Hong Kong and agreed a fair and reasonable tax.
