The answer is B. Portugal
That is the reason why Brazilians speak Portuguese and not Spanish like the rest of Latin American countries.
<span>The Industrial Revolution brought inventions like the telephone, sewing machine, and typewriter. It also made cities and urbanization more popular than farming and living in the country. Mostly out of necessity, women began working as operators, secretaries, and working in factories</span>
Answer for the second
'Released from foreign war, we would probably be plunged into all the misery of anarchy and intestine war. Can we suppose that the people of the south, would submit to having the seat of Empire at Philadelphia, or New England; or that the people oppressed by a change of government, contrasting their misery with their former happy state, would not invite Britain to reassume the sovereignty.” — James Chalmers, Plain Truth, 1776
If the one above is the argument, you might consider that the colonists did obtain independence from England. That by itself was something that Chalmers always thought to be impossible without serious repercussions. He used to say that in the case of achieving freedom, America would just end up being attacked and maybe even colonized by some other country. What happened, thought, was that after the revolution, other countries gained respect for America as an opponent and the country was eventually left to be.
This naturally led to the diffusion of multiple inventions, both those of the Mongols and those ideas the Mongols usurped from cultures they conquered. While the Mongols profited from the trade of silk and tea from China to Europe, they also spread the Chinese inventions of printing and paper.
