That is false, all muslims that can financially make the pilgrimage to the holy site of Mecca are required. The holy pilgrimage to Mecca, also called Hajj, is one of the 5 pillars of Islam.
A net population decline resulting from an "excess of deaths over births".
Option: A
<u>Explanation</u>:
Demographic transition is a shift from higher to lower level of fertility and mortality.Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization in 
century resulted into enormous population growth. But decline in early 
century covered many reasons like consequences of two calamitous wars, where Europe suffered large population declination due to battle death and civilian causalities in World War I and II. Hence the acceleration of population growth in 19th century but downfall in 20th is also considered as balance.
Located mainly in zones of crustal activity because these zones are often lithospheric plate boundaries
