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attashe74 [19]
3 years ago
7

The challenge of cost-benefit analysis and the tragedy of the commons are two problems associated with which type of good?

Business
1 answer:
Mashutka [201]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Nonexcludable  goods

Explanation:

The cost-benefit analysis, in microeconomics, public economics and industrial economics, generically indicates the set of techniques for evaluating investment projects based on the measurement and comparison of all costs and benefits directly and indirectly connected to them. The analysis is generally conducted by reporting each input unit in elementary cost units and each output unit in elementary benefit units. Each of these units is then attempted to give the most objective value possible, thus making it measurable and comparable. The total cost, therefore, is the sum of the values ​​of the individual units of elementary costs, while the total benefit is, similarly, the sum of the values ​​of the individual units of elementary benefits. It is possible, with this system, to evaluate direct and indirect benefits and costs. In order to have reliable results, it is important to limit the units of elementary benefits and costs as realistic as possible and to evaluate these units using prices that are as objective as possible. The challenge is about how the individuals uses inappropriately the goods. The problem is the state or control mechanisms can not always forbid to free using of goods. This is free riding problem or common pool resources. If the common resources is considered, the analysis will have a challange.Common-pool resources - goods that are characterized by the inability to exclude users and the competitive nature of consumption. The first condition means that the good supplier cannot prevent others from using the good. The second condition means that the consumption of a good by an individual deprives others of the use of the good's qualities to expand their own benefits. Common pool goods are characterized by the fact that if they are used excessively, the good is able to lose its value or be completely degraded.

In economics, common pool goods are a kind of goods consisting of natural or man-made system resources (e.g. irrigation or fishing grounds) whose size or specificity makes them expensive, but not impossible to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from their using. Unlike pure public goods, the goods in the common pool are struggling with overload problems or their abuse because they are publicly available. Common pool goods usually consist of a resource core (e.g., water or fish), which defines a time variable, while providing a limited amount of extraction of secondary units, which are referred to as variable flow.

Examples of common pool goods include irrigation systems, fisheries, pastures, forests, water and atmosphere. Pasture, for example, allows a certain amount of grazing. However, in the event of excessive grazing, pasture may become more susceptible to erosion and ultimately bring fewer benefits to its users. These types of goods also include traffic routes such as streets. As long as there are few vehicles, everyone is moving smoothly, but when there are too many, traffic jams form and everyone goes slower.

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Waterway Industries reported the following information for 2016: October November December Budgeted sales $950000 $890000 $11000
MakcuM [25]

Answer:

At November 30, 2016, budgeted Accounts Receivable is $445,000

Explanation:

In October, Sales: $950,000

Customer amounts on account are collected: 50% x $950,000= $475,000

At 31 October, Accounts Receivable = 50% x $950,000= $475,000

In November, Sales: $890,000

Customer amounts on account are collected = $475,000 + 50% x $890,000 = $920,000

At November 30, 2016 budgeted Accounts Receivable = 50% x $890,000 = $445,000

8 0
2 years ago
Q 10.7: Melbee Farms is considering purchasing a new combine that would help them finish their harvesting faster, thus allowing
LUCKY_DIMON [66]

Answer:

Discounted payback period= 3 years 1 month

Explanation:

The discounted payback period is the estimated length of time in years it takes the present value of net cash inflow from a project to equate the net cash the initial cost  

To work out the discounted payback period, we will compute present value of the cash inflow and then determine how long it will take for the sum to be equal to the initial cost. This is done as follows:

Year     Cash flow     DF        Present value  

0           487,000 × 1          = (487,000)

1          157,000 × 1.07^(-1) = 146,729.0

2         182,000 × 1.07^(-2) = 158965.8

  3         202,000 × 1.07^(-3) = 164,892.2

4         213,000  × 1.07^(-4) =162,496.7

Total PV for 2 years = 146729 +158965+164892= 470587.0

Balance of cash flow remaining to equal  =  487,000-470587 = 16413.0

 Discounted payback period = 3 years + 16413.0 /162,496.7 × 12 months

= 3year , 1.2months

Discounted payback period= 3 years 1 month

5 0
3 years ago
A 15-year 3 1/4% Treasury Bond is quoted at 100-12 - 100-16. The bond pays interest on Jan 1st and Jul 1st. A customer sells 5M
trasher [3.6K]

Answer:

The multiple choices are:

$5,006.00

B $5,018.75

C $5,025.00

D $5,028.75

The correct option is B,$5018.75

Explanation:

The key to unlock this question is to know that government securities are usually quoted in 1/32 nds ,which means that in calculating the price  the number after 100 is is multiplied by 1/32.

1M means 1000,while 5M means 5000

The price of 5M=5000*(100+12*1/32)%

The price of 5M=5000*(100+0.375 )%

The price of 5M=$5018.75

In this case the bid price which is lower is used when selling securities to the dealer

4 0
3 years ago
Riverbed Company reported the following amounts in the stockholders’ equity section of its December 31, 2019, balance sheet. Pre
kupik [55]

Answer:

Riverbed Company

a) Journal Entries during 2020:

1. Debit Dividends Payable - Preferred Stock with $23,100

Debit Dividends Payable - Common Stock with $41,500

Credit Cash Account with $64,900

To record the payment of dividends.

2. Debit Treasury Stock with $62,400

Credit Cash Account with $62,400

To record the repurchase of 1,600 shares of common stock for $39 per share, using the cost method.

3. Debit Land Account with $28,700

Credit Treasury Stock with $28,700

To record the reissue of 700 treasury shares for land.

4. Debit Cash account with $56,710

Credit Preferred Stock with $53,000

Credit Additional Paid-in Capital- Preferred with $3,710

To record the issue of 530 shares of preferred stock at $107 per share.

5. Debit Stock Dividend with $10,000

Credit Dividends Payable with $10,000

To record the declaration of 10% stock dividend on outstanding common stock.

6. Debit Dividends Payable with $10,000

Credit Common Stock with $10,000

To record the issue of stock dividend.

7. Debit Dividends - Preferred with $28,930

Debit Dividends - Common Stock with $44,000

Credit Dividends Payable with $72,930

To record declaration of $11 per share dividend on preferred stock and $2 on common stock.

b) Stockholders' Equity Section of the Balance Sheet:

Preferred Stock:

Authorized, 10,000 at $100 par = $0

Issued and paid up, 2630 at $100 = $263,000

Additional Paid-in Capital - Preferred = $3,710

Common Stock:

Authorized 104,500 at $5 par value = $0

Issued and Paid up, 22,900 at $5 = $114,500

Less Treasury Stock, 900 shares = $33,700

Additional Paid-in Capital - Common = $135,000

Retained Earnings = $753,670 ($492,000 + 334,600 - 72,930)

Total = $1,236,180

Explanation:

1. The authorized stock does not form part of the value of equity.  This is why, for this case, a nominal value of $0 was assigned.  The authorized stock represents the maximum number of shares the company is legally authorized to issue.

2. The 2019 annual dividends paid were based on 2,100 shares issued for preferred and 20,00 shares for the common stock.

3. Treasury Stock is used to record the repurchase of own stock.  Based on the cost method, the total costs of issue and repurchase are recorded in the Treasury Stock without the above-par value being taken to the Additional Paid-in Capital.  The reissue of treasury stock for land does not affect the Cash Account.  The debit entry is to the Land Account.

4. Stock dividend declared and issued was calculated based on the outstanding balance at that time.  The outstanding totalled 20,000 shares.  10% of 20,000 equals 2,000.  This implies that additional stock was granted to stockholders as dividend.  The market price does not have to be taken into account in Riverbed.

5. Dividends declared on preferred stock was $11 per share.  The preferred stock at the time was 2,630 (2,100 + 530) after the issue of additional 530 shares of preferred stock.

6. The Retained Earnings are adjusted for net income and dividends declared for the year.  Note: The payment of dividend for 2019 does not affect the Retained Earnings.

6 0
3 years ago
In an attempt to increase sales, JCPenney has increased its advertising and sales promotions in its current markets, hoping to a
mylen [45]

Answer: Market penetration

Explanation:

Market penetration can be defined as the comparison of the assessment of how much product has been sold relative to the total market has been estimated to be covered for that particular product. It is expressed in percentage. The market penetration can be enhanced by increasing the advertisement of the product and promoting the sales.

Hence, market penetration is the growth strategy, which JC Penney is applying.

6 0
3 years ago
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