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attashe74 [19]
3 years ago
7

The challenge of cost-benefit analysis and the tragedy of the commons are two problems associated with which type of good?

Business
1 answer:
Mashutka [201]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Nonexcludable  goods

Explanation:

The cost-benefit analysis, in microeconomics, public economics and industrial economics, generically indicates the set of techniques for evaluating investment projects based on the measurement and comparison of all costs and benefits directly and indirectly connected to them. The analysis is generally conducted by reporting each input unit in elementary cost units and each output unit in elementary benefit units. Each of these units is then attempted to give the most objective value possible, thus making it measurable and comparable. The total cost, therefore, is the sum of the values ​​of the individual units of elementary costs, while the total benefit is, similarly, the sum of the values ​​of the individual units of elementary benefits. It is possible, with this system, to evaluate direct and indirect benefits and costs. In order to have reliable results, it is important to limit the units of elementary benefits and costs as realistic as possible and to evaluate these units using prices that are as objective as possible. The challenge is about how the individuals uses inappropriately the goods. The problem is the state or control mechanisms can not always forbid to free using of goods. This is free riding problem or common pool resources. If the common resources is considered, the analysis will have a challange.Common-pool resources - goods that are characterized by the inability to exclude users and the competitive nature of consumption. The first condition means that the good supplier cannot prevent others from using the good. The second condition means that the consumption of a good by an individual deprives others of the use of the good's qualities to expand their own benefits. Common pool goods are characterized by the fact that if they are used excessively, the good is able to lose its value or be completely degraded.

In economics, common pool goods are a kind of goods consisting of natural or man-made system resources (e.g. irrigation or fishing grounds) whose size or specificity makes them expensive, but not impossible to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from their using. Unlike pure public goods, the goods in the common pool are struggling with overload problems or their abuse because they are publicly available. Common pool goods usually consist of a resource core (e.g., water or fish), which defines a time variable, while providing a limited amount of extraction of secondary units, which are referred to as variable flow.

Examples of common pool goods include irrigation systems, fisheries, pastures, forests, water and atmosphere. Pasture, for example, allows a certain amount of grazing. However, in the event of excessive grazing, pasture may become more susceptible to erosion and ultimately bring fewer benefits to its users. These types of goods also include traffic routes such as streets. As long as there are few vehicles, everyone is moving smoothly, but when there are too many, traffic jams form and everyone goes slower.

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Identify the following characteristics as primarily related to financial accounting​ (FA) or managerial accounting​ (MA):1. Help
DaniilM [7]

Answer:

Financial accounting is the aspect of accounting that is concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions related to a business.

While managerial accounting is the aspect of accounting that is concerned with the identification, measurement, analysis, and interpretation of accounting information to help managers plan for the future, make decisions for the company, and determine if their plans and decisions were accurate and efficient.

1. Helps Creditors make lending decisions is related Financial Accounting.

2. Helps in planning and controlling operations is related to Managerial Accounting.

3. Is not required to follow GAAP is related to Managerial Accounting.

4. Has a focus on the future is related to Managerial Accounting.

5. Summary reports prepared quarterly or annually is related to Financial Accounting.

6 0
3 years ago
The following are the 20X2 transactions of the Midwest Heart Association, which has the following funds and fund balances on Jan
abruzzese [7]

Answer:

Midwest Heart Association

1. Journal Entries:

1. Debit Pledges Receivable $700,000

  Credit Pledges Revenue $700,000

To record unrestricted pledges received.

1. Debit Uncollectible Expense $56,000

  Credit Allowance for Uncollectibles $56,000

To record 8% of uncollectible pledges.

2. Debit Temporarily restricted net assets $150,000

   Credit Pledges Receivable $150,000

To record receipt of restricted use grants.

3. Debit Unrestricted net assets $520,000

   Credit Pledges Receivable $520,000

To record current pledges collected

3. Debit Allowance for Uncollectible $26,000

   Credit Uncollectible Expense $26,000

To record the write-off of $30,000 remaining uncollected pledges.

4. Debit Office Equipment $15,000

   Credit Unrestricted net assets $15,000

To record the purchase of office equipment

5. Debit Building Mortgage $3,000

   Credit Unrestricted net assets $3,000

To record the payment of mortgage on buildings.

6. Debit Unrestricted net assets $27,200

   Debit Temporarily restricted net assets $5,400

   Credit Interest and dividends Revenue $32,600

To record the receipt of interest and dividends.

6. Debit Permanently restricted net assets $1,000

   Debit Unrestricted net assets $5,000

   Credit Sale of Endowment Investment $6,000

To record the sale and gain of endowment investments.

7. Debit Depreciation Expense:

  Community services $ 12,000

  Public health education $7,000

  Research $10,000

  Fundraising $15,000

  General and administrative $9,000

Credit Accumulated Depreciation $53,000

To record depreciation expense for the year.

8. Debit Other expenses:

 Community services $ 250,600

 Public health education $100,000

 Research $81,000

 Fundraising $39,000

 General and administrative $61,000

Credit Unrestricted net assets $531,600

To record other expenses.

Debit Clerical services expense $2,400

Credit Donated clerical services $2,400

To record the receipt of donated clerical services.

b. Statement of Activities for the year ended December 31, 20X2:

Revenue:

Pledges                                  $700,000

Interest and dividends              32,600

Sale of Endowments                   6,000   $738,600

Depreciation expense:

  Community services           $ 12,000

  Public health education        $7,000

  Research                              $10,000

  Fundraising                          $15,000

  General & administrative      $9,000       53,000

Other expenses:

 Community services        $ 250,600

 Public health education     $100,000

 Research                               $81,000

 Fundraising                          $39,000

 General and administrative $61,000      531,600

Clerical services expense                          $2,400

Change in net assets                              $151,600

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations

1. Unrestricted net assets

Beginning balance           $ 281,000

Pledges receivable            520,000        

Office equipment                (15,000)

Building mortgage               (3,000)

Interest and Dividends       27,200

Sale of Endowment              5,000

Other expenses              (531,600)

Ending balance             $278,600

2. Temporarily restricted net assets

Beginning balance            $ 87,000

Restricted use grants      $150,000

Interest and Dividends          5,400

Ending balance               $242,400

3. Permanently restricted (endowment) net assets

Beginning balance          $ 219,000

Gain from Endowment           1,000

Ending balance               $220,000

b) Midwest Heart Association's Statement of Activities is the financial statement that shows the revenues and expenses of the association, including the change in net assets during a period.  It is like the income statement of a profit-making entity that shows revenue and expenses.  While the excess in revenue over expenses is called net income for a profit-making entity, it is called change in net assets for a non-profit-making organization like Midwest Heart Association.

5 0
3 years ago
________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.
gavmur [86]
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3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Suppose Troutsville (population of 4) wants to put on a firework display. Leslie would get $40 worth of benefit, Mark would get
nasty-shy [4]
I think that the answer is A but i have no clue i’m so sorry :(
3 0
3 years ago
You have been managing a $5 million portfolio that has a beta of 1.05 and a required rate of return of 9.775%. The current risk-
Lilit [14]

Answer:

9.62%

Explanation:

Re = Rf + (B x Rp)

Re = cost of equity = 9.775%

Rf = risk free rate = 4%

B = beta = 1.05

Rp = risk premium = ?

Rp = (Re - Rf) B = (9.775% - 4%)/1.05 = 5.5%

Re portfolio = Rf + {Rp x [(B₁ x $5/$5.5) + (B₂ x $0.5/$5.5)]}

Re portfolio = 4% + {5.5% x [(1.05 x $5/$5.5) + (0.75 x $0.5/$5.5)]}

Re portfolio = 4% + {5.5% x [0.9545 + 0.0682]}

Re portfolio = 4% + 5.6249% = 9.62%

6 0
3 years ago
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