Answer:
1. How did western nations respond to the boxers?
The Boxers sought to rid China of all westerners and the influence of their Christian religion. However, Western nations united to subdued the Boxer Rebellion and forced Qing dynasty, Chinese government, to pay more than $330 million in reparations.
2. How did Sun Yat-sen respond to Qing rulers’ resistance to modernizing China?
Sun Yat-sen leaded the Xinhua revolution that overthrew China's Qing dynasty.
3.How did China’s first president, Yuan Shikai, rule over China?
He attempted to restore hereditary monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor of the unfamous Empire of China.
4. How did people react after Yuan Shikai announced plans to make himself emperor?
Province after province rebelled and declared independence from Yuan Shikai's empire after his inauguration.
5.After the death of Sun Yat-sen how did Chiang Kai-shek unify the Nationalists party, or KMT?
Chiang Kai-shek assassinated, arrested and forced into exile his political opponents to take over the entire KMT following the death of Sun Yat-sen.
6. How did the Long March both hurt and help Mao Zedong’s struggle for power?
The Long March helped Mao Zedong's people to survive the Nationalist army's attack and get him chosen as the leader of the Red Army in China. On the other hand, it also damaged over a half of the Communist soldiers and forced them to run away to the countryside.
7.Who supported Mao in his fight against the Nationalists?
The Soviet Union did.
8.What happened to the conflict between Nationalists and Communists from 1937 through the end of World War II?
Both parties suspended their conflict to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese.
9.When China’s civil war resumed after World War II, how were the Communists able to prevail over the Nationalists?
Knowing their disadvantages in manpower and equipment, the Communists executed a "passive defense" strategy. They took control of the surrounding countryside and small towns, and attempted to wear out the Nationalists forces as much as possible. After a year, the power balance became more favorable to the Communists who wiped out 1.12 million KMT troops, while their strength grew to about two million men.
