The answer is c.empire and republic
A.
Cities were destroyed by raging fires.
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This answer is ATP because it is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose
I believe the answer is Barbed Wire.
Befor the inventions of barbed wire, the Cattles are let to roam freely across the plains and the owners are required to pay a lot of cowboys to supervise them so they didn't go missing. Witht he invention of barbed wire, they can keep the cattle in a secure place without supervision.