Explanation:
An argument is a debate on a topic where two opposing opinions confront.
First thing to do in an argument is to take a side which is done by stating a claim (in favor or against something). Then, one should provide reasons for why the audience should believe that claim and also provide some evidence that support it.
To make a successful claim, one should also show how and why those evidence support the original claim by adding few commentaries.
Finally, one can also attack the opposite claim by stating its flaws in a rebuttal.
So, the answer is:
1) a statement taking a side on an issue in an argument - claim
2) any information that can support a claim - evidence
3) explanations for why the audience should believe a claim - reasons
4) an argument that points out the flaws of an opposing claim - rebuttal
5) analysis of how evidence supports a claim - commentary
