They traded goods, They Farmed and made bricked house as well as making toys out of clay pottery
Well every culture that felt like culture in past, present became a country... now the language is interesting because some countries speak the same language but just because either they learned it or they have the common cultural origin.
So all the power isnt in one persons hands, and because if checks and balances werent here one person would hold all the power which would be bad :)
Based on the bill of rights, popular sovereignty, personal responsibility and the power of the government.