You are in the forest and see a large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear running directly toward you. The adrenaline rush you feel as you run toward the cabin is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system which functions through various interconnected neurons. The sympathetic nervous system’s main role is to stimulate the neuronal and hormonal stress response (also known as body's fight-or-flight response). The sympathetic fibers in the adrenal medulla (inner part of the adrenal gland) produce acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter), which allow the high secretion of adrenaline and low amounts of noradrenaline from it. The sympathetic nervous system also prepares the body for action, especially in situations that are dangerous to survival.
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Energy that is not used in an ecosystem is eventually lost as heat. Energy and nutrients are passed around through the food chain, when one organism eats another organism. In each case, energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next trophic level and each time some energy is lost as heat into the environment.
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