A false dilemma is a type of informal fallacy in which something is falsely claimed to be an "either/or" situation, when in fact there is at least one additional option.
The false dilemma fallacy can also arise simply by accidental omission of additional options rather than by deliberate deception. For example, "Stacey spoke out against capitalism, therefore she must be a communist" (she may be neither capitalist nor communist). "Roger opposed an atheist argument against Christianity, so he must be a Christian" (When it's assumed the opposition by itself means he's a Christian). Roger might be an atheist who disagrees with the logic of some particular argument against Christianity. Additionally, it can be the result of habitual tendency, whatever the cause, to view the world with limited sets of options.
Some philosophers and scholars believe that "unless a distinction can be made rigorous and precise it isn't really a distinction". An exception is analytic philosopher John Searle, who called it an incorrect assumption that produces false dichotomies.Searle insists that "it is a condition of the adequacy of a precise theory of an indeterminate phenomenon that it should precisely characterize that phenomenon as indeterminate; and a distinction is no less a distinction for allowing for a family of related, marginal, diverging cases."Similarly, when two options are presented, they often are, although not always, two extreme points on some spectrum of possibilities; this may lend credence to the larger argument by giving the impression that the options are mutually exclusive of each other, even though they need not be. Furthermore, the options in false dichotomies typically are presented as being collectively exhaustive, in which case the fallacy may be overcome, or at least weakened, by considering other possibilities, or perhaps by considering a whole spectrum of possibilities, as in fuzzy logic.
Answer:
Have you ever had to choose between what you thought was right and your family? Carter Druse has to make this choice in Ambrose Bierce's short story A Horseman in the Sky. The protagonist chooses to defy his family and his Southern homeland by siding with the North in this story set during the Civil War. In an intense scene, Druse must shoot an enemy soldier to protect his men. It is only revealed at the end that the Confederate officer he shot was his father.
Explanation:
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In Toni Cade Bambara's short story "Raymond's Run," Squeaky is bright, perceptive, genuine, determined, frequently defensive, and very loyal. While she seems somewhat boastful about her running ability, there may be some underlying defensiveness in her boasts.
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The idiom is "skeleton crew" which means the availability of just enough employees to keep the work running.
Explanation:
Idioms are those words or groups of words that suggest or have a meaning which is not deducible from the given word. They are used in expressions which are not literally applicable or which cannot or should not be taken in the literal sense.
In the given sentence, the word 'skeleton crew' is an idiom which suggests that the company suffered a lot, leading to the reduced number of employees. the skeleton crew meant that there are just enough employees or workers to keep the company working. That means that the newspaper is barely manageable, with just the right amount of workers available in the company to do the work needed.