E marketplace can take two different formats, which are Independent trading communities and private exchange.
Usually, the transaction in independent trading communities will be easily visible by others while private exchange tend to be more secretive
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In order for a court to exercise authority over a particular dispute", "there must be an actual case or controversy", the case must be ripe for resolution, and the parties must have <u>Standing </u>to bring the case.
Explanation:
The term <u>Standing</u> is also referred to as <u>Locus Standi. </u>
<u>The term refer to the ability </u>of a party to provide sufficient proof to the court about the harm caused to the party due to the legal action challenged in the court.
The Doctrine of Standing or standing to sue, is a court-created “doctrine” helps to determine whether or not the court will hear a particular federal lawsuit.
<u>The doctrine of standing has three elements: </u>
(1) The plaintiff who has suffered a concrete injury;
(2) that injury is fairly traceable to actions of the defendant
(3) it must be likely—that the injury caused will be redressed by a favorable decision
Answer: Moderate or low
Explanation:
Tests of Control are one by auditors to determine the effectiveness of the internal controls in the company in being able to detect accounting errors and anomalies.
If a company seems to have a moderate or low inherent risk the Auditors may or may not initiate Tests of Control due to this reduced risk.
If the company however, has either high or moderate or unusually high risk, the Auditors have to perform Tests of Control to determine where the company is going wrong.
Answer: $2500 ⇒ Equilibrium GDP
Explanation:
Given that,
autonomous consumption ( )= 500
government purchases(G) = 500
planned investment spending (I) = 500
Net Exports (NX) = (-500)
Y = GDP
MPC (c) = 0.6
Consumption (C) = + cY
= 500 + 0.6Y
Y = AD
Y = C + G + I + NX
Y = 500 + 0.6Y + 500 + 500 + (-500)
0.4Y = 1000
Y =
Y = $2500 ⇒ Equilibrium GDP