To find a volume of a cylinder we use the following formula:

Plug in the values:

Take the square:

Multiply the numbers:
Anything to a negative power becomes the inverse with the coefficient to a positive power.
For example, 3^-1 becomes 1/3^1 or just 1/3.
3^-2 would be 1/3^2 or 1/9.
Answer:
x = X + 33 (I am guessing "x" and "X" are not the same. "x" is a variable and "X" is a constant.)
Step-by-step explanation:
31 - X + (2x+1) = x - 1
or, 2x+1 = x - 1 - 31 + X
or, 2x - x = -1 -31 + X -1
or, x = -2 -31 + X
or, x = X - 33
There is 118.2941184 milliliters in four fluid ounces