Correct answer is option D.
Transcription activators accelerate transcription, while transcription factors assist RNA polymerase binding.
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Transcription factors are the proteins which help in proper binding of RNA polymerases in the promoter region of DNA so as to facilitate transcription.
Activators on the other hand, help in the enhancement of the transcription rate.
Transcriptional activators are basically proteins which bind to the regulatory elements known as enhancers so as to increase the rate of transcription. Enhancers are specific DNA sequences, which may be present in the upstream or downstream region of the gene which is going to be transcribed.
It may be noted here that transcription factors are only present in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, sigma factors are present instead of transcription factors to facilitate proper binding of RNA polymerases on the DNA.
Answer: Oxygen is required for cellular respiration and is used to break down nutrients, like sugar, to generate ATP (energy) and carbon dioxide and water (waste). Organisms from all kingdoms of life, including bacteria, archaea, plants, protists, animals, and fungi, can use cellular respiration.
Explanation:
All the above is correct.
DNA replication is the process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce an identical DNA molecule. The process takes place in the nucleus of a cell and is undertaken by enzyme DNA polymerase. It is the first stage of the central dogma of life then followed by transcription process and the translation. Translation is the process that occurs after DNA replication where the DNA molecule formed from replication is used as a primer for the formation of a messenger RNA.
