F.D.R. has been renowned as having been one of our best Presidents, in part, due to his creation of many federal programs designed to help Americans survive the harshness of the great economic depression of the 1930s.
His slew of economic relief programs, later termed "alphabet soup," had many acronyms, hence the nickname. One if the most important of these, still in use today, is the S.S.A. or the social security administration. Social security is still in use today, and our individual SSNs have become a primary form of identification.
The term that is defined as “a legal doctrine that permitted racial segregation in public facilities" would be "Jim Crow", which was a series of such laws passed in the South after the Civil War.
Mali had acquired a reputation as a fabulously wealthy empire, ruled by a generous and pious sultan, Mansa Musa.He had expanded his boundaries all sides and acquired the cities of Gao and Timbuktu. The kingdom was considerably rich in gold. Mansa Musa also producing controlled the salt producing areas.