Answer: D. allopatric; breakdown
Explanation:
Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation whereby individuals of the same biological population becomes separated up to the extent that there will no longer be gene flow between them.
Answer:
The defective CFTR protein changes ion influx and efflux across the body's cell membranes, which ultimately changes the internal environment of these cells. This change contributes to each cell's production of proteins through transcription and translation.
Explanation:
The defective CFTR protein changes ion influx and efflux across the body's cell membranes, which ultimately changes the internal environment of these cells. This change contributes to each cell's production of proteins through transcription and translation.
<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
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cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
