When energy passes from one trophic level to the next, I would guess that the two factors which decrease the total amount of energy from being passed up are:
1. An organism does not assimilate all the energy of food consumed. Within a consumer, digestion and assimilation of energy is not 100% efficient: some of the energy is lost.
2. A large proportion of energy assimilated by a producer and consumer is lost through respiration, i.e., day-to-day maintenance of metabolic processes.
Answer:
B. method by which neurons communicate
Human evolution known to be a process in which species adapt to certain
conditions of life, and in the battle of life and death, they are forced
to become stronger in order to survive in this world. Diseases have
always been present during the evolution, acting themselves as a natural
selectors - the weaker organisms get sick and die. Not just humans, but
all species have to establish a great protecting mechanism in order to
survive. That is how our bodies are built, to be able to withstand and
survive in the conditions we live in, and that is why our immune system
has to be taken care of.
The answer is Proteomics.
<u>Proteomics</u> is a discipline of study that involves an examination of proteins and how the proteins encoded by genes interact to produce cell and tissue types.
What is Proteomics?
The extensive study of proteomes is known as proteomics. An organism, system, or biological setting produces a set of proteins known as a proteome. We might speak of an organ or a species' proteome (like that of Homo sapiens) (for example, the liver). The proteome is dynamic; it varies from cell to cell and alterations occur over time. The underlying transcriptome is somewhat reflected in the proteome. However, in addition to the relevant gene's expression level, a number of other factors also affect protein activity, which is frequently measured by the rate at which the processes in which the protein is engaged react.
Proteomics is employed to look into:
- When and where do proteins expressed.
- rates of protein synthesis, degradation, and abundance at steady state.
- how proteins are altered, for as by phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications (PTMs).
- the transfer of proteins among subcellular spaces.
- protein involvement in metabolic processes.
- what interactions proteins have with one another.
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Answer: The protein will be a substrate for protein kinases
Explanation: Kinases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphoryl group to a protein. The kinase will add a phosphoryl group to the protein at its serine/ threonine residues.
