<span><span>so merchants could keep track of transactions </span>is closest to being correct, and icabod has it mostly "write". </span>
I believe the answer you are looking for is A.
It was ruled by local rulers because they ruled their own cities. It was a monarchy. The Shang Dynasty's economy is based on their trade, agriculture, and the craftspeople work. The Shang Dynasty's economy is based on their trade, agriculture, and the craftspeople work.
You don't show options, so here are the different definitions
1. "the study of past events, particularly in human affairs."
2. "the whole series of past events connected with someone or something."
3. "a continuous, typically chronological, record of important or public events or of a particular trend or institution."
Bearing in mind this passage, a) one way in which the Northwest Ordinance extended republican institutions into new territories was through the land rent to a settler and the proceeds were used to pay for schools. The ordinance encouraged this commitment involved with religion and morality. b) Another way that is not mentioned is that settled a precedent for federal support education, being the first national education law passed anywhere in the world. c) The Northwest Ordinance was the first and main conflict between them, because Native Americans were displaced across the Appalachians and the Midwest (today) and then, with the Ordinance they were promised decent treatment and education. However, many of them resisted and they stayed in their territories until the twentieth century.