-The number of B cells producing the antibody is proportional to the concentration of that antibody.
-On day 16, one out of 100000 B cells are specific for antigen A
\frac{1}{100000} = 1 x 10⁻⁵ B cells
- on day 16, Antibody concentration is 2 × 10¹= 20 Antibodies
- on day 36, antibody concentration 8 × 10³.= 8000
20 antibodies ------------ 1 x 10⁻⁵ B cells
8000 antibodies--------------x
x= (8000 x 1 x 10⁻⁵)/ 20
x= 4x10⁻³ or 1 in 250 are <span>B cells specific for antigen A</span>
Type of neuron that receives messages from the environment is a sensory neuron ie it receives messages from the 5 senses which are used by man to investigate the environment.
The process by which organisms create sugars (specifically glucose) from non-carbohydrate precursors is known as gluconeogenesis.
- The only energy source used by the brain, testes, erythrocytes, and renal medulla is glucose, with the exception of ketone bodies during fasting. There are three highly exergonic stages in glycolysis. Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase are among the enzymes involved in these additional regulatory stages. In biological processes, both forward and backward reactions are possible.
- Similar to glycolysis, but with the process going the other way, is gluconeogenesis. Fructose-1,6-bP, glucose-6-P, and pyruvate all undergo fairly spontaneous conversions in the process of gluconeogenesis, which is why these reactions are tightly controlled.
- For the organism to function properly, energy conservation is crucial. Gluconeogenesis is suppressed when there is an abundance of energy available.
Therefore, gluconeogenesis conserve more energy.
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The way that partially digested food leaves the body is through the pyloric sphincter.
<h3>What is digestion?</h3>
The term digestion has to do with the breaking down of complex food substances that is taken in by animals during nutrition. Food that is digested will go out of the body in semisolid form.
Hence, way that partially digested food leaves the body is through the pyloric sphincter.
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