Astrocytes are a group of cells with functional characteristics and distinctive morphological that vary within specific areas of the brain.
For healthy brain function, astrocytes are essential. those become reactive in the case of Alzheimer's disease, which impacts the signaling properties. while experimenting, there was the measurement for instinctive calcium transients ex vivo in hippocampal astrocytes in brain slices containing the dentate gyrus of 9-month-old and 6-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. when they investigated the duration of calcium transients and frequency concerning amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, the proximity of the astrocyte to Aβ plaques, and aging. there was no change in spontaneous calcium-transient properties of 6M APP/PS1 astrocytes compared to wild-type astrocytes, whereas there was hyperactivity in 9M APP/PS1 astrocytes compared to wild -type, which were longer in duration, also there was an effect of aging too, there was an increase in calcium in the 9-month astrocytes than to the 6-month astrocytes, also there was an increase in the calcium waves in the 9-month astrocytes because of the increase network activity. The findings were that the change in calcium signaling in individual astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice is because of both pathology and aging but these don't have any impact on changes in the astrocyte network activity, which leads to helping to understand changes in neuronal physiology.
To know more about neuronal physiology refer to the link brainly.com/question/17060419?referrer=searchResults.
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Answer:
Sensory transduction
Explanation:
Sensory transduction is a process by which the sensory neuron transforms the obtained sensory information into an electric signal. Sensory neurons are the afferent neurons and are activated when they receive stimulus from a sensory receptor. This is followed by the firing of action potential to convey the sensory information into the CNS through the cranial or spinal nerve.
Change in temperature serves as a stimulus for thermosensory neurons present in the skin. The activated thermosensory neuron then produces an electric signal by the process of sensory transduction during which a nerve impulse is generated and action potential to convey the information.
Answer:
Fewer Offspring than the environment can support
Explanation:
It takes time for a creature to adapt to its Environment. So that puts off 2.
Your guaranteed to get traits from your parents so that rules out #1
There isn't really an equal probability of survival for an offspring, ruling out #3.
So that leaves us with 4. I'm not biology expert, I'm just letting you know how I did this problem. Just in case i'm wrong, I would double check with other answers :)
