Answer:
The main conflict that results between planning and control use of budgets is that managers might place their own personal interests before the interests of the company. This might result in budgets that are easily achievable (resulting in bonuses) or shifting income from one period to another in order to achieve certain budgets that will result in bonuses.
I will use a real life example that happened to me to explain this. I worked as a B2B sales representative for a large corporation (we were only 2 B2B salespeople + 1 manager) and when sales were slowing down, upper management would set up bonuses for achieving certain sales goals. The problem was that intentionally certain large sales that required management's approval were delayed and total sales would fall. Then suddenly the bonus show sup and all the large sales were approved and in two weeks the sales goals were achieved. Since B2B sales are not about selling to a lot of customers, but instead selling to the right customers a lot of products, a couple of delayed big sales made a huge difference and a 1% bonus meant changing your old car for a new one.
Guidance for implementing earned value management contract can be obtained from EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE.
Earned value management is a project management method for quantifying project performance. <span />
The answer is A. Imposition of a non binding price ceiling in the market
Price Ceiling is when a government impose a price limit over a specific product
Non-Binding Price ceiling is if that price limit that imposed to the product is still <em><u>higher than market equilibrium ,</u></em> which won't do anything to producer's surplus
Scarcity refers to a state of being in short supply.
Scarcity exists because distribution of resources is unequal. Majority of the people tend to get more than they need in preparation for future uses. They did not take into consideration that other people also need the items they have stocked up on. This results to unequal distribution of resources. Those who had first access to the goods have more than they need while those who came last have goods that is not enough to sustain their needs. They are the ones experiencing scarcity.
