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A chromosome is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
People have manipulated the genome of horses and ponies in the lab to produce the breeds we know today
Viral replication depends on the specific virus but for most, the virus first needs to enter its host and uncoat its proteins in order to reveal it's DNA/RNA.
Depending on whether or not the virus is a retrovirus, it may need to integrate into the host genome to replicate.
Most viruses use the machinery in order to replicate, and a few package their own enzymes needed for replication.
Sorry this is so long! Hopefully this helps!
