A guild /ɡɪld/ is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as confraternities of tradesmen, normally operating in a single city and covering a single trade. They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, a trade union, a cartel, and a secret society. They sometimes depended on grants of letters patent from a monarch or other ruler to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials, but were generally regulated by the city government. A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as guild meeting-places. Guild members found guilty of cheating on the public would be fined or banned from the guild.
Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within the city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. As well as reducing free competition, but sometimes maintaining a good quality of work, often these rules made it difficult or impossible for women, immigrants to the city, and non-Christians to run businesses working in the trade.[citation needed]
One of the legacies of the guilds: the elevated Windsor Guildhall originated as a meeting place for guilds, as well as a magistrates' seat and town hall.
An important result of the guild framework was the emergence of universities at Bologna (established in 1088), Oxford (at least since 1096) and Paris (c. 1150); they originated as guilds of students (as at Bologna) or of masters (as at Paris).[1]
YW
Social media plays a big role in learning , for example say if someone was bullying someone on the Instagram and they are posting nasty pictures of them and saying rude stuff and you just decide to not say anything but little do you know those girls go to your school and someone said u liked the picture so they called u in the office and now your in trouble for not saying something , you pretty much learned for that because no you know when someone is bullying or posting mean things and another person you say something to be mature.
Answer:
Psychologists of that day attributed poor test scores to Option B: innate mental inferiority.
Explanation:
In the early twentieth century, there were still many erroneous beliefs about intelligence and there was little consideration of how Western derived intelligence tests had a lot of inherent bias and were not objective measures of intelligence across all human societies. This was tied to eugenics and the idea that persisted from the end of the 19th century up until WWII that racial groups could be improved genetically with a conscious selection of particular traits and attributes. For example, The Immigration Restriction League was founded by three Harvard graduates in 1894 and it was closely associated with ideas of eugenics. The League wanted to prevent any dilution of what they saw as the superior upper-middle-class White stock that they represented themselves. They lobbied for stricter immigration laws under this logic.
Answer: option c is correct
Explanation: the people that made the decision based on this information lacked the right experience in geology.
