Characteristics that are always present in living organisms are Metabolism, Cells and Reproduction.
Facilitated diffusion if the particle is transported down a concentration gradient or active transport if the particle is transported against a concentration gradient. Depending on the diagram, the answer could also be uniport which refers to the transport of a particle in a single direction.
The corpus callosum, a tight region of axons (whitematter), is the direct connection and thus communication between left and right hemispheres.
A "split-brain" could result from disruption of or damage to the corpus callosum, either in part or whole.