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Ket [755]
3 years ago
12

Explain why mutation and natural selection make developing new flu vaccines every year necessary

Biology
1 answer:
Serhud [2]3 years ago
7 0
Let's just say that everyvyear, many people either get the vaccination, or the flu. These people are left immune to the strain of flu that they were vaccinated/infected with so the number of people who can get and pass on that form of flu (think of these people as that flu strain's "habitat") is reduced. If some of that flu mutates sufficiently that the immune systems of those previously infected vaccinated people no longer recognize it, then it's habitat is expanded back to the original size again.

Hope this helped :)
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I will give you 20 points who every answers this one!
stiv31 [10]
I’m almost 100% sure it’s D, because environmental factors can induce a mutation. A mutation can be beneficial but it can also be harmful, so it’s neither B or C, and it can’t be A, because mutations can come from natural selection as well. So it’s D.
4 0
3 years ago
Which environmental factor could lead to a decrease in genetic variation in a population of tuna?
jeyben [28]

Answer:

The environmental factor that could lead to a decrease in genetic variation in a tuna population is an increase in pollution (second option).

Explanation:

There is a correlation between genetic variability and environmental pollution, the latter being a factor that impacts negatively on the variability of a specific population.

The concept of pollution stress not only implies a low rate of reproduction, but it is also a factor that prevents genetic exchange with other populations, which is a factor that makes the genetic variability decrease in a population.

For these reasons an increase in pollution implies a decrease in genetic variability in a tuna population.

  • <em>Other options, such as </em><u><em>an increase in food availability</em></u><em>, a</em><u><em> decrease in tuna fishing </em></u><em> or </em><u><em>a decrease in tuna predators</em></u><em>, are environmental factors that contribute to increased genetic variability.</em>

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Whoever can ancer this question in your own words i will give you 5 star and put thanks as in hart you, please I NEED HELP THIS
erastovalidia [21]

Answer:

In case of a physical support there is a bone system involved, in case of the maintenance of the  body weight there is  wide spectrum of thyroid hormones as well as leptin and ghrelin, according to the recent studies.

Explanation:

There is a whole spectrum of physiological  body systems involved in the maintenance of the body weight in humans, as well as metabolism.  One of the most important hormones are thyroid hormones. According to the most recent studies, the major role there is an adequate function of the digestive system as well. The most important digestive-related hormones are leptin and ghrelin.

In case of the physical protection of the human body weight the major role have bones, cartilages and ligaments. All of the aforementioned structures support the human body organs and other structures. In case of skeleton, it has been estimated that it consists of 206 bones. In case of younger individuals, the human skeleton has a greater protective effect to other body systems. In case of bones, its main role is to have a rigid support for internal organs and other body structures. In that way, the body weight is is supported against the force of gravity. Additonaly, it provides a support for muscles to maintene their movements as ligaments bind to the distal and proximal parts of the corresponding bones. If we analyze the upper parts of skeleton, their promienent role is in the lifting and carrieng objects etc. The lower parts of the skeleton are involved in a variety of functions such as walking, runinng, playing sports etc.

In case of internal portions of skeleton, it is necessary to outline the major role of skeleton for example in the abdominal and peritoneal cavities. In these cases, the role of skeleton is to act protectively to the contained organs in those cavities. In case of bones themselves, they act as aa storage site for diverse minerals (calcium, phosphate etc. ). The bone marrow is a storage site for the production of blood components producing cells.

Thyroid hormones have an essential role in the body weight regulation. Their major role is through the regulation of the energy in the human body. Thyroid impairment (such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism) may have a large impact on the changes in the body weight and basal metabolic rate.

The most important thyroid hormones studied in the context of the body weight regulation are free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), total T3, total T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Thyroid hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate via increasing ATP production and regulation of the Na⁺/K⁺ and Ca₂⁺ concentrations and gradients.

Leptin and ghrelin are hormones that regulate energy balance. Leptin mediates a long-term regulation of energy balance. Leptin suppresses food intake and regulates  energy expenditure.. In that way, leptin leads to weight loss. Leptin is a 6-kDa protein with helical structure, secreted from white adipocytes. The leptin receptors have a role similar to the cytokine receptor I class via transduction mechanisms. Leptin receptors form homodimers. It has been documented that in case of food deprivation, there is a rapid decrease in leptin gene expression. Leptin acts centrally. It inhibits the synthesis and  effect of neuropeptide Y. Such role is the most prominent in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. There is a lipostatic theory of leptin. Leptin is secreted in the white adipocytes, afterwards secreted into the blood circulation and transported to brain structures. In the brain it inhibits or release the aforementioned factors in order to regulate food intake.

Ghrelin is a fast-acting hormone. It has the role in the meal initiation. It is known that leptin resistant individuals are obese. Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid that stimulates appetite and the release  of growth hormone. Nearly 70 percent of ghrelin is secreted by the stomach and small intestine. Ghrelin has a major role in white adipose tissue where it stimulates adipogenesis, fat storage enzymes and increases trygliceride concentration. It decreases lipolysis.

5 0
3 years ago
2. Why is this change in global temperature a concern
12345 [234]
Past climate changes led to extinction of many species, population migrations, and pronounced changes in the land surface and ocean circulation. The speed of the current climate change is faster than most of the past events, making it more difficult for human societies and the natural world to adapt.
6 0
2 years ago
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, what causes a struggle for survival in populations? *
goblinko [34]

Answer:

n a population, more individuals are born than can survive. The available resources in nature are finite (food, water, space, etc.) and the environment is not able to support unlimited growth of a population. This causes an inevitable struggle for existence among individuals (continual struggle for existence).Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
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