I think it’s the third one , not sure ☺️
Answer:
Colonialism in North Africa, because of its violence and the huge transformations it caused within its societies, shaped a historical vision of the North African past that obscured other, far more deeply rooted processes. This paper not only aims to emphasize the impact of these other, deeper historical processes, it also suggests that by taking in to account this longue durée, our analytical frameworks would be expanded and so too would our understanding of Maghreb history in general and its colonial history in particular. The first section of the paper analyzes the outlines of colonial history; it examines the limitations of the spatial framework and the timeline markers used within this field of research. The second section examines the new vistas of research opened through serious consideration of the legacy and persistent effects of early modern history in North Africa. It explores these new perspectives in terms of time and space and interpretations of North African primary sources.
Explanation:
The British abandoned Boston in early 1776 because they were forced out of the country by the American soldiers.
American Revolutionary War was at large, and the Patriots, led by general Washington (who later became the first president of USA) won the battle at Boston, which was bloodless, by the way. This brought an end to an eight-year British occupation of the city.
