I think the answer is the second phrase <span>books became available to many people throughout Europe
The need of printing arose when people are becoming more intellectual during the medieval ages. Many writers around this time believed that it is very expensive to hire scribes. They believe that it takes time and effort to train them to write a perfect manuscript. Thus, Gutenberg decided to create a printing press. Because of this, books become available throughout Europe and all over the world.
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Im going to assume its because a "lame duck" session only happened when congress meets after a election.
1. Services
2. Second level activities
Slaves in the North did primarily work in stores and small craft centers. This was mostly true for the middle colonies as well. Slaves in the South worked in the fields.
This system would be called the "totalitarian system".
