<span>Chroloplasts Acts as a main role in photosynthesis.Chloroplasts likely orginated from engulfed "prokaryotes" that once lived as independent organisms. They are also considered to be originated from "cyanobacteria" through endosymbiosis—when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that became a permanent resident in the cell.</span>
The use of a thermophilic DNA polymerase such as Taq polymerase prevents the denaturation of the enzyme during the heating that is important to separate the newly synthesized strand. So using this enzyme simplifies the PCR technique and increases its efficiency.
Taq DNA polymerase is highly efficient, when it reaches the optimum temperature, it becomes fully functional. It also has a half-life of over two hours (at 92°C), high amplification capacity, and it can add upto 150 nucleotides per second. It is "special" enzyme because it comes from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs. It is therefore thermostable even at high temperatures, while other polymerases (e.g. E. coli) are not.
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Genetics affects speciation mostly via mutation caused due to adaptation and environmental conditions.
Explanation:
- The Speciation is defined as the evolution of a species into a distinct species. The cause of this could be several, and some of them could be environmental conditions, mutations, etc
- Environmental conditions include isolation of the species caused by mountain rise, river, flood etc. to survive they have to evolve or get adaptations to living in those conditions
- Mutation happens for many reasons, external factors can also cause the mutations to occur. It will also lead to speciation.
