Answer:
b. smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator.
Explanation
Generally cilia in the respiratory tract of smoker will undergo paralysis for 1-3 hours after smoking, and generally paralyzed in chronic smokers.
This is because the toxins( the TAR) in the cigarette destroy the mucocilliary escalator that trapped inhaled pathogens in air as it passes through the bronchi and push them up with phlegm out of the respiratory tract.
Therefore ,with the loss of cilirary function, pathogens are retained in the lungs leading to respiratory tract infections
Answer:
The correct answer is - e. many different molecules form a signaling cascade.
Explanation:
Signal transduction is the number of events that take place inside the body of a human from the external atmosphere to transmitting a chemical or physical signal through a number of molecular events of signaling cascade.
The transmission of the particular chemical or physical signal is caused a sequence of phosphorylation events inside the cell it involves specific protein receptors and different types of molecules.
A quasar is formed when a super massive black hole has enough material around it to fall in it's accretion disk.
Answer:
Explanation:
The animals are used for examining and determining the effect of a particular new drug for the treatment of the diseases and disorders before they are examined over humans. This practice is called as clinical trial.
The ethical issue associated with given type of testing is that animals have right to live and survive. They should not be subjected to the treatment where they experience harm or even death.
