If you visit the Senate chamber during a session on an average day, you're most likely to find the session presided over by "A. the majority leader" since the Vice President only comes in on special occasions.
The answer is (B) hydroelectricity
I believe the answer would be
B. created a new federal judiciary system with John Marshall as Chief Justice of the United States.
D) The state of Massachusetts ordered farmers to pay their debts or face jail time.