East, because Russia is east of germany
Here’s the answer :
Following a failed invasion of Iraq in 686, Abd al-Malik focused on securing Syria before making further attempts to conquer the greater part of the Caliphate from his principal rival, the Mecca-based caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
im not sure but my best guess
The whigs were a political party .