The word that would best describe the effect on each of these four groups would be regression.
All this is saying is that when the Europeans colonized Africa they did great damages to the social and political institutions of the natives on a local level, as opposed to necessarily a national level, due to the fact that power in Africa was relatively localized.
C. Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson was the seventeenth president of the US and followed Lincoln after his assassination. He was a Democrat and as vice president offered a good bridge to the South as the Civil War was ending but as president he was not trusted by the Republicans.
Andrew Johnson pardoned Confederate leaders, allowing them to keep their land and sometimes positions in society. He provided an easy path back into the Union and did not protect blacks from the growing power of groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Johnson vetoed a civil rights act that would have prevented segregation and violence against former slaves. His policies would convince Republicans that they would have to take Reconstruction over in Congress.
Answer:
In many parts of the world, early civilizations formed when people began coming together in urban settlements. ... From this specialization comes class structure and government, both aspects of a civilization. Another criterion for civilization is a surplus of food, which comes from having tools to aid in growing crops.
