Question

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Answer 1

Mainly it served as a wake up call for the Union on how bloody this war would be. The casualties were about 23,000 combined, the most ever up till that point (soon to be usurped by Chancellorsville).

It was also both a learning experience for Grant, a boost in recognition and at the same time being a detriment. In the immediate aftermath reports across the nation accused Grant of being drunk (among other things) and allowed to have his men to be bayoneted in their tents due to his lack of defensive preperations falsely. The public demanded Lincon remove Grant from command but he famously responded
I cannot spare this man; he fights.At the same time General Halleck reorganized the Army and shuffled Grant to the second in command position. He would only be in such a position for a short time until Halleck would be sent East and Grant would reassume control.

Grant instead took this as a learning experience on preparedness that helped him through the War. He realized that the War would not be decided and ended in one battle but instead in many others. He also was (eventually) recognized for his clear judgment under stress and his ability to see the greater strategic situation.

Sherman also became a national name in the immediate aftermath of Shilo. His steadfastness and calmness under fire during the battle made up for his previous melancholy and defensive lapses in previous engagements.

In the larger view it ended Confederate hopes of stopping the Union Invasion of Mississippi. It also allowed for the two Union armies in Tenessee to link up, assuring Confederate defeats in both states. The Confederacy also suffered the loss of General Albert Johnson who was extremely talented.

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