B. religious beliefs.
Education, technological progress, and scientific theories are all parts of the Modernists' teachings. Religious beliefs are not.
Lots of gold in region, and the Nile provided easy access to the woods, furs, and mineral of inner Africa.
Descendants of people who established the village called Rome built the Roman Empire.
Basically, the Roman Empire was established and built when Augustus Caesar announced himself the first emperor of Rome.
The people of Romans built their empire by conquest and annexation between the 3rd century BC.
Hence, the descendants of people who established the village called Rome built the Roman Empire.
Therefore, the Option D is correct.
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