The Industrial Revolution began in B. Great Britain from around 1760 to 1820. It then spread through Europe and eventually around the world.
The answer to the above question is whips
No. The Crusades was a series of three conquests commissioned by the Catholic Church to free Jerusalem from the hold of the Muslims who were occupying Palestine.
The popularity of the gutenburg press in Europe made books more accessible and motivated people to want to learn how to read
Columbus' explorations of the New World led to the spreading of diseases to the Americas which killed thousands of Native Americans, his efforts led to the enslavement and oppression of Native Americans through colonization, and ultimately led to the subjugation of the Native American peoples to European powers for centuries to come.