The formal history of the Church of England is traditionally dated by the Church to the Gregorian mission to England by Saint Augustine of Canterbury in AD 597.[1] As a result of Augustine's mission, Christianity in England, from Anglican (English) perspective, came under the authority of the Pope. However, in 1534 King Henry VIII declared himself to be supreme head of the Church of England. This resulted in a schism with the Papacy. As a result of this schism, many non-Anglicans consider that the Church of England only existed from the 16th century Protestant Reformation.
However, Christianity arrived in the British Isles around AD 47 during the Roman Empire according to Gildas's De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae. Archbishop Restitutus and others are known to have attended the Council of Arles in 314. Christianity developed roots in Sub-Roman Britain and later Ireland, Scotland, and Pictland. The Anglo-Saxons (Germanic pagans who progressively seized British territory) during the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries, established a small number of kingdoms and evangelisation of the Anglo-Saxons was carried out by the successors of the Gregorian mission and by Celtic missionaries from Scotland. The church in Wales remained isolated and was only brought within the jurisdiction of English bishops several centuries later.
The Church of England became the established church by an Act of Parliament in the Act of Supremacy, beginning a series of events known as the English Reformation.[2] During the reign of Queen Mary I and King Philip, the church was fully restored under Rome in 1555. However, the pope's authority was again explicitly rejected after the accession of Queen Elizabeth I when the Act of Supremacy 1558 was passed. Catholic and Reformed factions vied for determining the doctrines and worship of the church. This ended with the 1558 Elizabethan Settlement, which developed the understanding that the church was to be "both Catholic and Reformed".[3]
Two different countries, two different set of reasons and two different historic time frames.
• China: The sea ban was called <em>Haijin </em>in Chinese. It was imposed during the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor due to a series of factors, including a very deadly and recent bubonic plague pandemic, Japanese piracy, the aversion of Neo-Confucianism towards Mercantilism, xenophobia and a very absolutist and monarchic conception of Chinese power as a “heavenly empire” with a quasi-divine emperor who did not send emissaries abroad. Foreign “vassal” states sent their emissaries and tributes to the “divine” Chinese Emperor. Any attempt to carry out private commerce outside of China was a capital crime, punishable by death and the offender’s family was subject to exile.
• Japan: The severe border restrictions were called <em>Sakoku </em>or closed country in Japanese. The main reason was that the ruling Shogun was extremely aware of the possibility of Spanish and Portuguese colonial powers using the spread of Christianity as a pretext to intervene in domestic Japanese affairs and colonize the country. With the arrival of Christian missionaries, many Japanese peasants were converting to Christianity and because of the egalitarian, fraternal and ethic tenets of the Christian faith they started questioning the divinity of the Emperor and the absolute power of the Shogunate. In order to prevent foreign colonization and to ensure local compliance with shogunate rule, foreigners were banned from the country under penalty of death. Only the Dutch and the Chinese were allowed to operate and conduct businesses in the country but without a permission to venture further than the port where they conducted business and trade.
Answer:
HE CONTRIBUTED A LOT TO PHILIPPINE FASHION
Ramon Valera, the country's very first National Artist for Fashion Design, rose to prominence due to his formal Filipiniana designs. ... Valera's work was set against Modernism, the design paradigm in the Philippines prevalent during the Post-War period.He was the only male dressmaker who could design, cut, baste and sew all by himself. He created his designs either directly in his head, or drew sketches to guide his four assistants.
Is this about African villages ?
