The two items common in Europe did the conquistadores introduce to the people of Mesoamerica and South America are horses and wagons. Thank you for posting your question. I hope that this answer helped you. Let me know if you need more help.
The Ottoman wars in Europe were a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states dating from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century.
But I would tell about the main one which change the face of Europe.
1453 — fall of Constantinople that was a great start to conquer Europe.
The attackers were commanded by the Sultan Mehmed II, who defeated an army commanded by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos and took control of the imperial capital, ending a 53-day siege that began on 6 April 1453.
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by the middle of 17th century
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The term Dual Federalism refers to the political system through which a federalism is established where both the Federal State and the local States divide powers and limit each other with respect to their functions, each exercising their own and without getting involved in the other's.
For its part, the term Cooperative Federalism refers to the federalist political system by which the Federal State and the local States have a differentiation in terms of their levels of performance, but not in terms of their tasks, with which they cooperate with each other to compliance with government objectives.
Personally, I believe that cooperative federalism is more effective, as both spheres of government deal with similar issues, and control each other through a co-participatory and non-restrictive regime as in the case of dual federalism.
