Answer: expenses to be understated
Explanation:
Under firm-commitment underwriting, the underwriter bears the entire risk that the shares will not be sold to the public at the specified offering price.
What is Underwriter?
Any person who assesses and takes on another party's risk in exchange for payment—which frequently comes in the form of a commission, premium, spread, or interest—is an underwriter. While underwriters work for insurance firms, agents and brokers represent both consumers and insurance companies. The mortgage, insurance, equity, and some prevalent forms of debt security trading are just a few of the financial industries where underwriters play a crucial part. Sometimes referred to as a book runner, a lead underwriter holds this position.
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Answer:
The IRR is 4.08%
Explanation:
In calculating the internal rate of return in excel,the cash outflow of $76.63 is shown in year 0 with a negative sign to indicate that it is the initial investment on the share, followed by dividends in received in later years shown as positive figures ,however in the fifth the dividend received and the cash received from disposing of the share were added together to show total cash inflow in the last year.
The computation of IRR is shown below
IRR for the share purchase
Years Cash flow
0 -76.63
1 1.37
2 1.55
3 1.66
4 1.74
5 86.61
IRR 4.08%
Find attached for detailed computation.
Answer: 18,000
Explanation:
Liability policy:


= 2,000
Insurance expense 2018:
= No. of months from 1 Jan 2018 to 31 Dec 2018 × Insurance expense per month
= 12 × 2,000
= 24,000
Prepaid insurance balance for liability policy on 31 Dec, 2018:
= Prepaid Insurance for liability policy - Insurance expense 2018
= 36,000 - 24,000
= 12,000
Crop damage policy:


= 500
Insurance expense 2018:
= No. of months from 1 Jan 2018 to 31 Dec 2018 × Insurance expense per month
= 12 × 500
= 6,000
Prepaid insurance balance for crop damage policy on 31 Dec, 2018:
= Prepaid Insurance for crop damage policy - Insurance expense 2018
= 12,000 - 6,000
= 6,000
Therefore,
Total prepaid insurance balance on 31 Dec 2018:
= Prepaid insurance balance for liability policy on 31 Dec, 2018 + Prepaid insurance balance for crop damage policy on 31 Dec, 2018
= 12,000 + 6,000
= 18,000