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Elite: Very high economic capital (especially savings), high social capital, very high highbrow cultural capital. Established middle class: High economic capital, high status of mean contacts, high highbrow and emerging cultural capital. They are a gregarious and culturally engaged class
Plastic is a word that originally meant “pliable and easily shaped.” It only recently became a name for a category of materials called polymers. The word polymer means “of many parts,” and polymers are made of long chains of molecules. Polymers abound in nature. Cellulose, the material that makes up the cell walls of plants, is a very common natural polymer.
Over the last century and a half humans have learned how to make synthetic polymers, sometimes using natural substances like cellulose, but more often using the plentiful carbon atoms provided by petroleum and other fossil fuels. Synthetic polymers are made up of long chains of atoms, arranged in repeating units, often much longer than those found in nature. It is the length of these chains, and the patterns in which they are arrayed, that make polymers strong, lightweight, and flexible. In other words, it’s what makes them so plastic.
These properties make synthetic polymers exceptionally useful, and since we learned how to create and manipulate them, polymers have become an essential part of our lives. Especially over the last 50 years plastics have saturated our world and changed the way that we live.
The First Synthetic Plastic
The first synthetic polymer was invented in 1869 by John Wesley Hyatt, who was inspired by a New York firm’s offer of $10,000 for anyone who could provide a substitute for ivory. The growing popularity of billiards had put a strain on the supply of natural ivory, obtained through the slaughter of wild elephants. By treating cellulose, derived from cotton fiber, with camphor, Hyatt discovered a plastic that could be crafted into a variety of shapes and made to imitate natural substances like tortoiseshell, horn, linen, and ivory.
This discovery was revolutionary. For the first time human manufacturing was not constrained by the limits of nature. Nature only supplied so much wood, metal, stone, bone, tusk, and horn. But now humans could create new materials. This development helped not only people but also the environment. Advertisements praised celluloid as the savior of the elephant and the tortoise. Plastics could protect the natural world from the destructive forces of human need.
The creation of new materials also helped free people from the social and economic constraints imposed by the scarcity of natural resources. Inexpensive celluloid made material wealth more widespread and obtainable.
True
Special districts are in charge of a specific service, such as water districts and school districts. They are created to provide a specific function that is not part of the regular municipal government services. The article goes into detail, explaining that special districts have recently become more prevalent because they can be used in place of local taxes when people are less interested in paying taxes for general fund budgets. This allows elected officials to make up the difference with other funding sources, like district assessments. There can also be cases where multiple special districts overlap each other's boundaries or there may not be enough revenue generated by the district to cover all expenses.
Ok so basically after the French and Indian war Great Britain didn’t allow the colonist to settle in the Ohio river are thingy, which was basically what they fought the war over, and since Great Britain was in a lot of debt they started taxing the colonists. So the colonists were being taxed and weren’t allowed to settle where they wanted too
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France allied with the US in the Revolutionary War
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