1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Anna71 [15]
3 years ago
14

Please give a small paragraph quickly summarizing the what, when and how of each of the following techniques: PCR, DNA gel elect

rophoresis, Recombinant DNA, Cloning, Northern blots, Southern blots, Western blots, Antibody production (polyclonal and monoclonal), ELISA, FRET, FRAP, FACS, Fractionation by centrifugation, Chromatography, Fluorescence microscopy, Coomassie staining, Silver staining, His tag, GST tag, Confocal microscopy, FISH, PCR, DNA library, cDNA library, Microarrays, Sanger sequencing, GFP, Bright field microscopy, DIC microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescence microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, X ray crystallography, 2D PAGE electrophoresis, NMR, Mass spectrometry.
Biology
1 answer:
Anuta_ua [19.1K]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

All are used to resolve questions in molecular and biochemistry/biotechnology

Explanation:

PCR: resolution of an amplicong on agarose gel to chech size after thermocycling

DNA gel electrophoresis,

Recombinant DNA, A DNA fragment that it attached to another such as a reporter, commonly used is GFP attached to protein of interest to track movement

Cloning, Duplicate an amplicon, insert into a vector, transform this vector into a bacteria that is designed to make multiple copies of itself

Northern blots, Method used to detect different sizes RNA from a mixture of other products

Southern blots, method used to detect different sizes of DNA similar to the idea of a Northern Blot

Western blots, Resolution of protein sizes by running the protein through an acrylamide gel in an ionic buffer

Antibody production (polyclonal and monoclonal),  Generating an antigen against a protein using different parts of the same protein (polyclonal) or only a specific sequence of the protein not a variety of antigens from the full length (monoclonal)

ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is used to check the presence of a protein

FRET, Transmission energy of one molecule to another, it is usually included in the detection of colors in fluorescence microscopy

FRAP, this method will is called Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, a microscospy measurement

FACS, this is a type of cell sorting Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Fractionation by centrifugation, Lysis of agents such as cells that can be lysed by spinning in a centrifuge

Chromatography, separation of chemical thru a media by colors

Fluorescence microscopy,  use of fluorophore to detect specimen under a microscope a specific wavelength

Coomassie staining,  procedure used to stain an acrylamide gel or membrane to show protein presence

Silver staining, use of a silver colloid to change the way proteins are seen on a Western blot or under a microscope

His tag, a string of histidine residues attached to a protein for easy manipulation/detection

GST tag, Glutathione S-transferases is a group of proteins used in protein purification an option other than His tag

Confocal microscopy,

FISH, The generation of a nucleotide probe used in DNA sequence detection in histology

PCR, Polymerized chain reaction used to amplify selected region of DNA

DNA library, the collection of gDNA of a specific specie or tissue

cDNA library, collection of the coding sequence of a organism/tissue

Microarrays, the platform used to detect thousands of gene sequences at once

Sanger sequencing, Method used to derrive DNA sequence developed by Frederick Sanger by incorporating a single nucleotide at a time

GFP, Green fluorescent protein, a reporter protein used in recombination protein creation

Bright field microscopy, microscopy that uses light or natural light to detect samples

DIC microscopy, Differential interference contrast is used to detect and enhance the different levels of contrast of a specimen

Phase contrast microscopy, Microscopy technique used to detect the different states of matter of a specimen

Fluorescence microscopy, use of fluorophore attached to sample for investigation

Transmission electron microscopy, uses beams of electrons to pass through a sample to then create an image

Scanning electron microscopy,  the surface of a sample is scanned with a beam of electrons to generate an image

X ray crystallography, determining a structure of a protein my using an x-ray technique

2D PAGE electrophoresis,  separation of proteins by two phases sizes and charges

NMR,  Nuclear magnetic resonance, spinning of all the nuclei and measurement of the energy that it gives off.

Mass spectrometry Protein sequencing technique based on weight

You might be interested in
Which of the following is true regarding lipids? *<br> 1 point
zhannawk [14.2K]

Answer:

there are no answers, you can put them in the comments

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Arrange these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence. I. Pathogen
Mrrafil [7]

Answer:

The correct sequence is:III) Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.

IV) Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.

II) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.

I) Pathogen is destroyed.

V) Only memory cells remain.

Explanation:

Effective resistance against infection is essential for the development and functioning of the mammalian organism, and for it to be effective, multiple defense systems must be available. In order to meet these objectives, the body has developed a complex system of overlapping and interrelated defense mechanisms, which together can destroy or control almost all invaders.III) Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. It consists of the binding of the foreign antigen to the specific receptors existing on the membrane of mature lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes that mediate humoral immunity express antibody molecules on their surface, which bind to foreign proteins, polysaccharides or lipids in their soluble form; T lymphocytes, responsible for cellular immunity, express so-called T cell receptors (TCR), which recognize small sequences of antigenic peptides.

IV) Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.II) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.

Activation phase: sequence of events that occur in lymphocytes as a result of specific antigen recognition. All lymphocytes undergo two fundamental changes: a) proliferation: expansion of antigen-specific clones and amplification of the protective response, in which the CD4 T lymphocyte, capable of activating CD8 B and T lymphocytes, assumes a preponderant role; b) differentiation: stage in which effector cells and memory cells are formed. The first produce various substances that can interact with the antigen, such as antibodies and lymphokines; the second are partially differentiated lymphocytes, that is, they do not become effector cells.

I) Pathogen is destroyed.

In this phase, the T lymphocytes differentiated into effector cells migrate to the sites of attack, where they carry out their functions of eliminating pathogens, while the B lymphocytes perform them in the peripheral organs themselves.

V) Only memory cells remain.

One of the most important consequences of the adaptive immune response is the establishment of the state of immunological memory, which lies in the ability of the immune system to respond more quickly and efficiently to microorganisms that have previously infected the host and it reflects the preexistence of a clonally expanded population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. We call, therefore, the immune response that the organism gives when it comes into contact for the first time with a foreign agent and from which a series of events derives that include nonspecific innate defense mechanisms and adaptive response mechanisms, if the pathogen manages to survive the first ones.

3 0
3 years ago
If C-1 of glucose is radiolabeled and the glucose then enters glycolysis, what percentage of the pyruvate molecules will carry t
Talja [164]

Answer:

50%

Explanation:

Glucose is a simple sugar with a total of 6 carbon atoms in its structure. Pyruvate has a total of three carbon atoms. Two molecules of pyruvate are obtained per glucose by glycolysis.  None of the carbon of glucose is released in the form of CO2 during glycolysis. Therefore, the radio-labeled C-1 of glucose will be the component of the carbon skeleton of one of the total of two pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis. So, 50% of the pyruvate will exhibit radioactivity.

5 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between conduction and convection?
Maslowich
Conduction and convection are means of transferring heat, the important difference is the medium through which the heat travels. Conduction occurs when heat is transferred through solid objects, like a bar.
3 0
4 years ago
Read 2 more answers
After studying the various sources of drugs, a group of students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify whic
Zinaida [17]

Answer:

Here are the options to complete the question

A. plants

B. animals

C. inorganic compounds

D. genetic engineering

The CORRECT ANSWER IS D.

D. genetic engineering

Explanation:

Drugs can be produced or obtained by extracting the essential component needed from a plant source, animal source and inorganic compounds.

Genetic engineering is a synthetic source of drug production, needed to solve or make ready drugs with the aid of advanced technology/process.

7 0
4 years ago
Other questions:
  • Does human can develop night vision?​
    6·2 answers
  • Which of the following does not act as an agent for transporting sediment
    5·2 answers
  • During the winter months, water on the surface of a pond will typically freeze and this ice acts as an insulator for the water b
    10·2 answers
  • Which kind of evolution occurs over a relatively short period of time
    13·1 answer
  • The plasma cells of the immune system are responsible for secreting protein antibodies into the bloodstream. Within the plasma c
    5·1 answer
  • RNA primer constructed during DNA replication needs to be replaced because Rna differs from dna. it contains ( adenine, cytosine
    9·1 answer
  • One molecule of DNA has 30% G (guanine), how much C (cytosine) is present? _
    10·1 answer
  • How do mutations relate to natural selection
    14·2 answers
  • What are winds that blow in a certain direction most of the time and can produce surface currents called?
    11·1 answer
  • In a membrane, the________of the phospholipids in one monolayer face the________of the phospholipids in the other monolayer.
    8·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!