Sumerians built ziggurats because they believed that they would be more closely connected to the heavens. They believed that ziggurats connected the earth and the heavens.
Phalanx was the battle formation that produced the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world
Free trade agreements (FTAs) refer to economic treaties between two or more countries that set an amount of taxes for exporting or importing certain products that benefits both nations. FTAs support cultural diffusion, option c, and a good example is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which has promoted the cultural diffusion between Mexico, the United States and Canada.
The slavery issue changed political parties. The Whig Party collapsed, divided between anti slavery Northerners and proslavery Southerners. With this split, a Democrat won the 1852 campaign for president. Some Whigs joined the new American party.