Answer
<em>According to Hub Pages,</em>
- Simplification. A cartoonist simplifies the subject matter while maintaining the viewer’s ability to recognize it. Eyes become circles or dots, mouths are reduced to curved lines, and noses or feet are triangles. It is a tribute to the artist’s skill that so much content can be wrung from these simple geometric forms. We see joy, pain, and fear through the subtle manipulation of lines depicting eyebrows, smiles, or frowns. It is a fabulous accomplishment in its own way.
- Emphasis. Emphasis involves making certain aspects of a cartoon stand out from other details. It might involve drawing facial characteristics that are larger than they should be, or portrayed with more detail than the rest of the figure or scene. It might mean adding shadow or color. It could also be determined by placing a specific detail in a prominent location on the page.
- Exaggeration. This technique is especially important to develop when learning cartooning. Let’s switch from the comics page to the editorial section of our newspaper, and we’ll observe that public figures are made recognizable by the exaggeration of specific physical characteristics. Barack Obama is drawn with dark eyes, big ears, and an elongated chin. George W. Bush was depicted with huge ears that stuck out. Bill Clinton, a large nose and square chin. My personal favorite presidential caricature was Richard Nixon’s, epitomized by sagging, jowly cheeks, a long nose and receding hairline.
- Repetition. Go back to your daily newspaper and glance at the comics’ page. What does each character have in common? They almost never change clothes! They are seen day after day wearing the same shirt, dress, or suit. They never wear anything different! The cartoonist is using repetition to identify the character. Political cartoons are similar. If a cartoonist is satirizing the President or another political figure, they would not arbitrarily put him in jogging clothes or swimming trunks, for example, because we are not accustomed to seeing him in casual clothing or sports attire. We see the President in a suit every day. Consequently, cartoonists will place him in a suit to allow for easier identification. Remember discussing Charlie Brown’s distinctively patterned shirt? It is through repetition that we know this shirt is his.
<em>Big thanks to Hub Pages, that's where I got all the answers! <3</em>
<em>Hope this helps! <3</em>