Answer:b. Amino acid sequence, hydrogen bonding between backbone groups, the overall shape of a single polypeptide, and combinations of tertiary structures.
Explanation: Primary structure is the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide chain. When the sequence is altered due to mutation it can lead to formation of entirely new amino acid sequence.
Secondary structure could be the helical structure or the Beta pleated sheet. It is form from the interaction of atom that are backbones.It is the hydrogen bond between amino Hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atom in the backbones
Tertiary structure- Overall structure of polypeptide. It result from interaction of the R groups amino acids. It gives the shape of the polypeptide.
Quantenary- Are protein made up of multiple polypeptide chain. This chain are also called subunit. It is the combination of all tertiary structures given rise to a functional protein.
Explanation: the primary structure of a protein is mostly determined by its amino acid sequence.
Patterns of Hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone components: amino Hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen atoms gives risk to the type of secondary structure that will be formed be it the alpha helix or beta plate sheets.
The overall shape of a polypeptide including its folding patterns gives rise to the tertiary structure i.e a subunit of a particular protein with more than one subunits. Combinations of the tertiary structures gives the quartenary structure. For example more than one subunits of a tertiary structure makes the quartenary structure
The most specific feature of cardiac muscles is the presence of intercalated discs. Intercalated disc connects the ends of cardiac muscle fibers to one another. The discs have desmosomes and gap junctions. The function of desmosomes is to hold the cardiac fibers together. The gap junctions of cardiac fibers allow muscle action potentials to spread from one cardiac muscle fiber to another. These gap junctions have tubular connexons that form channels and connect the cytosol of adjacent cardiocytes to allow the flow of ions and spread of action potential from one cell to another.
