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Explanation:
The significant starting point of slavery in the 13 colonies in America was in August, 1619, when twenty African slaves who were seized from a Portuguese slave ship, were brought ashore in the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia by White Lion, a privateer ship owned by Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick.
European settlers in the North American colonies began relying on African slaves and indenture servants for sources of cheap labour.
Enslaved Africans were forced to work on rice and tobacco plantations from the Chesapeake bay colonies of Maryland and Virginia to Georgia. By 1640 both slaves and indentured servants existed.
You didn't provide us the text excerpt for your question, so let me simply provide some details concerning the Catholic Reformation.
The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation in a number of ways intended to strengthen its own stance and its hold on church power. This movement by the Catholic Church is known as the Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation. It included a number of features, such as:
- The formation of religious orders that aimed to build allegiance to Rome and the papacy, and to educate people in Catholic teaching. The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits for short, was a key order of this sort. The order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534, along with Francis Xavier and several others.
- The Council of Trent served to reform some abuses that were acknowledged by the Catholic Church, such as the sale of indulgences and the practice of selling church offices (simony). The council also aimed to improve priests' knowledge. The <em>Roman Catechism</em>, also known as the <em>Catechism of the Council of Trent</em>, was commissioned by the Council and was published in 1566, with the intent of thoroughly educating the church's clergy.
- Beyond the reforms noted concerning the Council of Trent, mostly that Council served to reassert the full authority of Roman power and doctrine over the Protestant threat. The Council of Trent held meetings over a span of years from 1545 to 1563.
- The Roman Inquisition was founded in 1542 to act as an investigative body in regard to threats to Rome's teachings. About a century later, Galileo would be one of the most famous persons tried by the Roman Inquisition.
Answer: Background. Korean society has undergone a major transformation since 1960. An economic miracle, demographic transition, urbanization, changes in family life, and the formation of civil society constitute the major features of the transformation.
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This quote comes from the now famous Four Freedoms speech, delivered by Roosevelt as the State of the Union address on January 6, 1941. The international context was very negative. Hitler and his Axis allies were winning in Europe. Britain was greatly menaced and the Japanese were gearing up for all-out war in the Pacific and in Asia.
Roosevelt, aware that scientific progress had eliminated the physical advantage of the USA being separated from Europe and Asia by such vast expanses of water had been arming and funding the British for years and had also increased military spending and the Navy in order to keep Japan at bay.
He knew that once Hitler had conquered Europe and Japan had conquered the East, all the populations and resources of these vast reasons would be used to directly attack the USA, which would eventually find itself in numeric inferiority so in order to prevent such a dark future he chose to send weapons, supplies and money to the British.
