A. Continual warfare among the many German states I think.
Both countries were not receptive to the domination of Europe and America but Japan was less unyielding after witnessing the defeat of China in the Opium wars. The monarchy, the nobles, and the military were against the Western domination but the intellectuals, the peasants, and the workers were more open to the Westerners because of the prospect of new knowledge and opportunities for employment.<span />
They used three rhetorical devices ethos, pathos and logos
