Anaerobic organisms, those which do not perform the standard 'cellular respiration' or 'photosynthesis', do not require oxygen, nor sunlight to survive. Instead, they survive off of glycolysis which is a process also carried out in aerobic respirators, but it is one that does not <em>require </em>oxygen or sunlight. You can do this by using lactate, sulfate or even alcohol instead of the usual oxygen.
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Cell, tissue, organ, organ system