They are carried out by proteins
Answer:
- Alteration of an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis
- A change in the structure of 23S rRNA
- The terminal D-alanine of pentapeptide mutates to D-serine
Explanation:
Antibiotic resistance is the phenomenon by which microorganisms naturally have, acquire, or develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to eliminate them. For example, trimethoprim is able to bind with the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in order to inhibit the folic acid synthesis pathway. Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) competitively inhibit the incorporation of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid and thus also prevent the synthesis of folic acid. Ribosomes are organelles where proteins are synthesized. The 23S rRNA is a component of the large subunit (50S) of bacteria and archaea ribosomes. In consequence, it is expected that a modification in the structure of 23S rRNA alters protein synthesis. Finally, vancomycin acts by binding the terminal D-Ala-D-Ala residues of the polymeric lipid-PP-disaccharide-pentapeptides and thus inhibits cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. In consequence, it is expected that a mutation at the terminal D-alanine that modifies this sequence alters the vancomycin binding site and thus also confers antibiotic resistance.
The answer is Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
Exhalation: is the process of air exit from the pulmonary alveoli (the alveoli) located in the lungs and then passes through the airways in the respiratory system and finally to the outside atmosphere. Exhaled air is rich in CO2, although this gas is produced after the cells are expelled by the internal respiration process to produce adenosine triphosphate. Exhalation is an opposite process of arousal. These devices work together to maintain the body's internal balance.
Mechanism of Exhalation:
When the exhalation spreads, the diaphragm muscle reduces the size of the lungs from the bottom up, and the rib muscles, which reduce the size of the lungs from the back to the front, also spread. The lungs shrink, making the air pressure in the lungs higher than atmospheric pressure. .
When a muscle lengthens as it contracts, the movement is referred to as an eccentric contraction. True.
