The large number of areas covered by the chemical energetics can be explained by the different forms in which chemical energy can be released: heat and combustion work, electrical energy in electrochemistry, radiant energy in chemiluminescent systems.
The chemical energy provided by a reaction reflects the energy balance associated with the electronic modifications suffered by the species involved.
From an energy point of view, a chemical reaction between molecules can be schematized in two stages. The first requires a supply of energy and corresponds to the rupture of the bonds of the reactant molecules with release of the atoms which constitute them.
The second releases energy and concerns the creation, by recombination of these atoms, of new bonds entering the structure of the reaction molecules.
As a general rule, the energy released in the second stage is greater than the first. We are talking about exothermic reaction. The difference between these two energies (reaction enthalpy) measures the amount of chemical energy transferred to the external environment.
It is conceivable that this quantity translates, not only the number, but also the strength of the connections involved.
Answer:
pruney fingers are caused by shrinking blood vessels. When you soak in water, your nervous system sends a message to your blood vessels to shrink. Your body responds by sending blood away from the area, and the loss of blood volume makes your vessels thinner.
Answer: Antimicrobial proteins.
Explanation:
Antimicrobial proteins are the type of proteins produced by the keratinocytes on the body surfaces. These proteins acts as the barrier and kills the microorganism which is trying to enter the body.
These are larger proteins containing more than 100 amino acids. They are often lytic in nature.
The cell membrane of the microbes is disrupted by the action of these amino acids or proteins on them.
Answer:
Primers should be:
3 'ACGTATGTCGCTTAGT 5'
5 'ACGTTCCAGTCAATGA 3'
Explanation:
DNA replication occurs with the need for the presence of primers that are a small sequence of nitrogenous bases that will allow the initiation of replication.
Primers are extremely important in PCR and are represented as small pieces of single-stranded DNA that specify the region of DNA that should be replicated during PCR. These primers attach to the single strand of DNA by pairing the nitrogenous bases allowing the DNA polymerase to recognize where replication begins.
Regarding the question above, the primers should be:
3 'ACGTATGTCGCTTAGT 5'
5 'ACGTTCCAGTCAATGA 3'
Answer:
Glucose is quickly broken down by liver and muscle cells to provide energy, which demonstrates that its type of chemical bonds is related to its function.