Question

_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H , and e- . A structure of a thylakoid. Letters from A to E indicate definite structures. Letter A indicates the first protein complex located in the thylakoid membrane. Letter B indicates a multiprotein complex between two complexes A and C. Letter C marks the second integral membrane protein complex. Letter D marks a substance inside the thylakoid. Letter E indicates a flask-shaped structure in the membrane of the thylakoid, which has a canal through the membrane. D B C A E

Answer 1

The luminous reactions begin when light reaches photosystem II. The water molecules provide electrons to the photosystem, releasing oxygen and protons. The letter A represents photosystem II that splits water.

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1. Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.

2. When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.

3. The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.

4. When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules.

5. Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.

6. When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II.

7. When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.

8. The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.

9. Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.

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